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Germany has always been the problem child of Europe. For over a millennium it was no more than a loose confederation of separate states and territories, whose number at times topped the thousand mark. When unification belatedly came about in 1871, it was achieved almost exclusively by military might; as a direct result of this, the new nation was consumed by a thirst for power and expansion abroad. Defeat in World War I only led to a desire for revenge, the consequence of which was the Third Reich, a regime bent on mass genocide and an European, indeed world, domination. It took another tragic global war to crush this system and its people. When the victors quarrelled over how to prevent Germany ever again becoming dominant, they divided it into two hostile states; the parts held by the Western powers were developed into the Federal Republic of Germany , while the eastern zone occupied by the Soviets became the German Democratic Republic .
Regional characteristics , indeed, are a strong feature of German life, and there are many hangovers from the days when the country was a political patchwork, even though some historical provinces have vanished from the map and others have merged. Hamburg and Bremen , for example, retain their age-old status as free cities. The imperial capital, Berlin , also stands apart, as an island in the midst of the erstwhile GDR where the liberalism of the West was pushed to its extreme, sometimes decadent, always exciting. In polar opposition to it, and as a corrective to the normal view of the Germans as an essentially serious race, is the Rhineland , where the great river's majestic sweep has spawned a particularly rich fund of legends and folklore, and where the locals are imbued with a Mediterranean-type sense of fun. The five new Länder which have supplanted the GDR, and in particular the small towns and rural areas, are in many ways the ones which best encapsulate the feel and appearance of Germany as it was before the war and the onset of foriegn influences which were an inevitable consequence of defeat.
Due to the country's federal and decentralised structure Germany has a number of larger cities. The most populous cities of Germany are Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt and Dortmund. By far the largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr region, including the Düsseldorf-Cologne district and the cities of Essen, Dortmund, Duisburg and Bochum. The federal structure has kept the population oriented towards a number of large cities, and has precluded the growth of any single city that would rival such European capitals as London, Paris or Moscow for size.
Germany is situated in the heart of Europe and thus building a bridge between Western and Eastern European culture - is famous for its huge varieties of landscapes, towns and places.
Uncountable sites throughout the country from the North and Baltic Sea down to the Bavarian Alps are waiting to be explored. The following text can therefore only give you some suggestions among the highlights.
Starting in the Northern part of the country the famous white shores of the Baltic Sea with romantic islands such as Rügen or Usedom invite not only in summertime. Hamburg is Germany's major harbour city and the gateway for all overseas goods traffic by boat. You experience the international flair of this place at once. The North German plains, e.g. the Lüneburger Helde, are known for their unique and colourful vegetation.
Down to South the Rhein-Ruhr region is one of Germany's most dynamic and powerful regions with a long tradition of industrial culture but at the same time you find there peaceful and romantic woods or lakes. Cities like Düsseldorf, Essen, Dortmund are the highlights of this region. Köln (Cologne) - very famous for the ancient gothic cathedral and the Carnival - reflects the people's friendliness and heartful hospitality.
Since 1991, Berlin is again Germany's capital and in every place of this ever-changing metropolis you find signs and traces of German history of the past, present and the future. No other city in Germany is that diversified and rich of monuments and museums. The surroundings of Berlin are inviting to relax at beautiful lakes or passing by boat on canals through virgin woods (Spreewald).
Also Dresden, the "Florence on the Elbe", known for its baroque city, can be visited from Berlin within one day.
In the Western part the famous valleys of Rhine, Moselle and Neckar are a must for the traveller as they make you feel the medieval charm of Germany at best. Enjoy the ride on a boat and taste the excellent wine of these regions. Getting off at Heidelberg the majestic caslte and the very attractive historic city speak for themselves.
The same goes for a lot of other small and bigger towns in the Central part of Germany which have presented for you their enchanting medieval character not only from the architectural point of view. Rothenburg od der Tauber, Dinkelsbühl, Würzburg, Nürnberg, Quedlinburg or Wernigerode are only some names to be mentioned here.
Southern Germany spots highlights such as the Black Forest with a magnificent picture postcard landscape of lakes and deep woods, the Lake of Constance where Germany meets Austria and Switzerland and the Bavarian Alps with inviting places like Garmisch-Partenkirchen or Berchtesgaden, not to forget the fairy tale castles of King Ludwig II (Neuschwanstein, Linderhof). Of course, München (Munich) - capital of Bavaria - offers you the most of Southern German culture and customs and people from all over the world meet every year at the famous Beer festival at the end of September (Oktoberfest). Not far away from the capital Oberammergau where the famous Passion Plays take place every 4 years, is worth a visit.
Whether you are coming to Germany for business (to Frankfurt am Main as Germany's banking headquarter "City of the Euro", to Hannover and Leipzig with their famous trade fairs), for tourism or for whatever reason, Germany always wishes you welcome.
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