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England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus offshore islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. It is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a 38 km (24 statute mile or 21 nautical mile) sea gap.

Most of England consists of rolling hills, but it is more mountainous in the north with a chain of low mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west. The dividing line between terrain types is usually indicated by the Tees-Exe line. There is also an area of flat, low-lying marshland in the east, much of which has been drained for agricultural use.

The list of England's largest cities is much debated because in British English the normal meaning of city is "a continuously built-up urban area"; these are hard to define and various other definitions are preferred by some people to boost the ranking of their own city. However, by any definition London is by far the largest English city. Manchester and Birmingham traditionally vie for second place. A number of other cities, mainly in the north of England, are of substantial size and influence. These include: Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Nottingham, Bristol, Sheffield and Hull.

Think of England and rolling green hills, fields and hedgerows, Constable and Turner landscapes, royalty, castles, palaces, cathedrals, bustling modern cities and centuries of history come to mind. Wherever you are in England you won't be far from an ancient ruin, castle or majestic country house and garden. But you also won't be far from an exciting major city, a National Park, sandy beach or dramatic coastline. From the sandy beaches and cliff hugging fishing villages of Cornwall, to the dramatic Cumbrian coast, from the White Cliffs of Dover to the pleasure beaches of Blackpool, the coastline of England offers delights and surprises.

Move inland and you'll find an abundance of pretty villages, historic and modern architecture and ancient ruins. The settings range from the fens and flatlands of East Anglia, through the charm of the Cotswolds, where picturesque villages nestle among rolling hills, to the drama of mountain ranges like the Pennines. Weald, wold, moor, vale and dale, the English landscape provides a huge variety to the visitor looking for peaceful relaxation or physical challenge.

The history of England is written in its monuments. The earliest, mysterious prehistoric stone circles, burial chambers and hillside chalk figures dot the countryside. Roman ruins are found from the South to Hadrian's Wall in the far North. Medieval, Tudor and Jacobean churches, palaces and houses give way to gracious Georgian crescents, elegant flat fronted houses, and Victorian gothic fantasies, often juxtaposed with modern, cutting edge designs in the cities and towns.

The Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to the European mainland. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel.

The largest natural harbour in England is at Poole, on the south-central coast. Internationally, it is the second largest harbour in the world, although this fact is disputed.

Major Areas of population in England are:
Greater London, West Midlands, Greater Manchester, Leeds/Bradford, Tyne and Wear (Newcastle/Sunderland), Liverpool, Nottingham, Sheffield, Bristol, Brighton, Portsmouth, Leicester, Bournemouth/Poole, Reading and Teeside.

England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round, though the seasons are quite variable in temperature. However, temperatures rarely fall below -5°C (23°F) or rise above 30°C (86°F). The prevailing wind is from the southwest, bringing mild and wet weather to England regularly, from the Atlantic Ocean. It is driest in the east and warmest in the southeast, which is closest to the European continent. Snowfall can occur in Winter and early Spring, though it is not that common away from high ground.

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